Is capitalism sustainable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is capitalism sustainable - Essay Example Thus reduction in these capitals will lead to destruction of the human capital. Contributions of capitalism to the society depend on their profit and growth. Thus the existence of capitalism also leads to reduction in human and social capital. With the increasing cost of production and diminishing social values the sustainability of capitalism is reduced. (Heslam 2002). The growth model used by the capitalism seems to be uncertain due to its dependence on depleting natural resources. Rapid decline in natural capital will be a challenge to the economic capital. Climate crisis, income disparity, and scarcity of financial and social; resources in the global economy are affecting the sustainability of capitalism. Capitalism has helped the development of financial system in countries through increased income from investment and employment opportunity to the society. Thus the existence of capitalism is necessary for improvement in society. Sustainability of any system depends on the energy procured by it. Without energy, sustainability becomes impossible. Capitalism acquires its energy from the environment through extraction. But it does not provide consideration for restoring the energy extracted by it. This makes energy reduction in the environment. It is termed as physical entropy. Capitalism is based on the concept of profit. Without economic benefit, no restoration of energy takes place. Future generations' benefits are not the mission of capitalism. It insists on making profit with the resources in the environment. It undertakes only financially profitable activities. Reduction of wastes and pollution carried out by firms depends on the profitability from that process. Individual's self interest is only considered in capitalism. Energy renewal is carried out to support current consumption and restoring of energy for future generations is not considered. Thus, capitalism inescapably dislocates social energy throu gh weakening the personal relationships in society. In order to ensure maximum economic efficiency, impartial and impersonal relationship between people is necessary. For efficient functioning of market economies, competency instead of cooperation is required. In a more productive business environment social relationship gets less time and energy. In a price based marketing there is no place for trust and personal relationship. It reduces the personal relationship in the society. It is termed as disorganization of social energy through devaluation of personal relationships. In capitalism resources from the society are used for making profit. However, there is no consideration for restoring the social capital which is essential for maintaining effective personal relationships in the society. Investment in the society for the benefit of future generation does not provide any economic incentives for the business capital. Relationship in the capitalistic society depends on its financial benefit for them. Investment in social capital is tr eated as waste of resources in capitalism In an economy people exchange their resources with other people for mutual benefit. Transformation of physical energy in raw materials with the help of social energy in human resources is carried on in capitalism. It is exchange on the basis of profit. Economic capital takes out energy from natural and social capital. Social and

Review of Frank McGuinesss adaptation Essay Example for Free

Review of Frank McGuinesss adaptation Essay On the 7th October, my Drama group and I went to see the Greek tragedy â€Å"Electra† at The Old Vic Theatre in London, adapted by Frank McGuiness. It was directed by Ian Rickson and starred Kirstin Scott Thomas who plays the lead role of Electra. This play follows Electra throughout all the different stages of grief she goes through following the murder of her father Agamemnon. Unwilling to forgive and consumed by a desire for revenge, her anger builds; on the return of her brother Orestes, Electra’s wrath then explodes without mercy, leading to a bloody and terrifying conclusion. Within this play there are strong elements of grief, addiction and an intense need for restitution. Electra is filled with loss from the pathological, addictive grieving over her father who was murdered many year before hand, by her mother and step-father, which traumatic aftershock has left Electra withered and motionless as well as in need of revenge as a sort of compensation for the loss of her father, to the fresh grief over her brother. The set of the play is extremely minimalistic, with small feature which make up the arena; a tap, a fire pit, a tree and two pillar with a door in between them are featured on the stage, and I believe these component are symbolic of the four element, fire, earth, water and air. The tree however is barren and the branches are cut off before their time. This is representative of Electra’s father, Agamemnon as he was murdered but also because his family line is no more, he can no longer have any more children to pass on his name. The door is old and decaying which represents Electra’s family as its slowly falling apart, however it also establishes a huge divide between the inside and outside, essentially creating two separate worlds. These two worlds represent places of oppression. The characters behave appropriately within the inside world as well as by the unspoken rule of the place. The outside is an area where the characters reveal their true colours, nevertheless at the end of the play the two worlds collide. The stage itself is in the round, meaning audience members are able to see each other’s reactions, this is effective as it adds a degree of intimacy to the play, but also because the audience is able to see the play but more importantly the characters from every angle creating a sense of vulnerability, as everything is exposed to the viewer’s eyes. Electra abandons the regal clothes bestowed to her by her mother and completely neglects herself. She is first presented in a ragged, grey dress, held together by a leather belts which eventually she takes off, representing the release of the pent up anger, which she has held on to for so long. She is constantly fiddling with her dress and putting it in between her legs, revealing a more immature nature but also that she’s ashamed of what makes her female. During the time that this play was set, women were constantly oppressed and were seen as unable figures, for example Electra wishes both her step father and mother dead. Electra lacks the capacity to do so, as she is restricted by her gender, which is shown at the end, as despite all of Electra’s defiant speeches, ultimately her brother Orestes is the one who kills both their mother and step father. She also appears shoeless which suggest that she has freed herself from the class system, as an individual without shoes is normally associated with the lower class, however she comes from nobility, which previously was one of the elements that oppressed her, also she is presented with wild hair illuminating a feral nature. Opposingly Electra’s mother Clytemnestra is presented in regal clothing, and is always composed, she tends to move in line rather than curves which Electra moves in. When Electra confronts hers mother, although she holds herself in a strong position, she can never look her mother, which suggest a strong hatred towards her mother. She cannot even follow the general etiquette that one gives another when conversing, controversially it could also mean that she is still bound by her daughter status, as although she’s disowned her mother, she cannot face her as an equal. The actress Kirstin Scott Thomas really emphasizes how the situation has trapped Electra in a terrible stilted adolescence. Her defined features shining with hungry, immature naivety, she moves about in her grey shift like the ghost of someone whose life was been allowed to waste away, permanently on hold. She tortures the audience in a manner of a teenager, through her defiant authoritarianism, serving the audience as a reminder of what is lost in middle-aged compromises, for example the naivety of youth. And yet, there is not an ounce of nostalgia in her performance. When she is finally reunited with her brother Orestes she gives way to an unbound joy, as if all her issues are now resolved. Far from their being any hints of incestuous affection in this encounter between these long-lost siblings, Scott Thomass Electra presses her nose to parts of his body and snuffles up his smell like a wild animal trying to get its bearings. This and her rapid U-turn into optimism brings a deliberate comical note to the gathering doom. In conclusion, the overall production was impressive, from Scott Thomas’s indulgently neurotic performance, which give us a first impression of an independent women who sets herself free from the previous ties and status which has oppressed her for so long from speaking up about her father’s death, however Scott Thomas slowly reveals to the audience that Electra has been maddened by grief for so long, it has trapped in an disillusioned adolescence, to the in the round stage which enables the audience to emphasis with Electra, as it adds a degree of vulnerability, as everyone is visible from every angle you look at them, from the play to the surrounding audience.

Meeting Individual Needs in Lessons for Children

Meeting Individual Needs in Lessons for Children Assessment 1 When planning lessons and activities for children we must ensure that all individual needs are met. To be able to do this firstly we need to look at factors which may affect their development or needs. Affecting factors may include stress, disability, illness, birth defects or home environment. It will be the role of the child’s key worker to evaluate individual children and assess their needs and help them overcome or resolve any issues which may be affecting their development or growth. These observations are best done during the child’s free time when they are more relaxed and not feeling pressured. We can learn a lot when a child is doing a task they enjoy or are playing. Once our observations have been made we can use our findings to plan future activities. Individual observations and assessments need to be made for each child as development varies in all children. Activities need to be based on what the child is able to achieve and must not be too hard for them to complete as they will feel pressured and it may affect their confidence. We must also make sure that the activities are not too easy as the child will not feel fully stimulated and may become bored. Using activities based around a child’s likes or interests is a great way to get them interested and engaged. Differentiation must also be used when trying to meet individual needs, including specialist equipment when needed, visual aids, adult interaction and learning aids when conducting a group activity will ensure that all of the children can be included. Using differentiation will also ensure that all children can meet the overall aim of the group task despite this being done in different ways. When planning for individual needs of children we must make sure we include the practice of equal opportunities. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child state ‘All children have the right to have their views and opinions listened to.’ By ensuring we take this into account we can work with the child and plan activities based on things they enjoy and include their own culture or beliefs. The individual schools ‘Equal Opportunities Policy’ must also be read and followed to make sure all children and their families feel included, it will also help the children to refine their own identities. If we follow all of the above plans and ensure that each child is individually assessed then we can make sure that they are reaching all of their goals and aims and are fully happy and stimulated in the tasks that they are undertaking, this will also aid the development and growth of the child both individually and within a group. As well as making sure that all children’s individual needs are met we must also make sure that we are not discriminating against any of our children. Discrimination occurs when an individual or group of children are treated less favourably than others. This may be due to gender, disabilities, faith, race, culture, physical appearance or even social class. If a child does feel discriminated against then this could result in them becoming withdrawn and it may cause development delays. According to the Development Matters in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) ‘ children have a right, spelled out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a child, to provisions which enable them to develop their personalities, talents and abilities irrespective of ethnicity, culture or religion, home language, family background, learning difficulties, disability or gender.’ (EYFS) There are several ways in which we can make sure that we are including all children in all of our activities and the first step in doing this would be to read through the Equality Act 2010. This act protects children from discrimination right through their school life up to the age of eighteen. The Act states ‘.it is unlawful for a school to discriminate against a pupil or prospective pupil by treating them less favourably’ (Equality Act 2010). This Act replaced nine major Acts of Parliament and almost one hundred sets of regulations. The Act covers all schools in England and Wales and schools managed by Education Authorities in Scotland. Whilst reading through the Act we learn a lot more about how equality can be given in schools and a more defined description as to what counts as equality. As well as making ourselves knowledgeable in this Act there are also several things that we can introduce into the school and classroom setting. Welcome signs in a variety of languages and not just English would be a great idea as it shows before entering the school that all nationalities are welcome. The learning of spoken greetings for different nationalities would also make the school and staff come across as more friendly and approachable. Different cultures and faiths celebrate all different festivals and celebrations throughout the year and by doing entire class projects on these we would not only be benefiting the individual students from the religions but we would also be educating the whole class. The inclusion of toys and games from around the world is another good way to teach about different ways of life. We must also make sure when planning lessons and activities that we include topics which don’t just discuss our own beliefs and preferences as this too would be portrayed as being prejudice to those students whose beliefs were different. According to Albert Bandura ‘behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.’ (Albert Bandura 1977). Therefore if we as key workers are seen to be showing and exploring new and different cultures and ways of playing then it will also encourage the children to explore these too. The inclusion of disabled children must also be considered when planning and we must make sure that the correct provisions are in place, such as ramps for wheelchair users and items such as large print cards and sheets for those visually impaired children, visual aids and picture cards must also be available for those children with non verbal communication. If we can follow the guidelines which our individual schools have as well as the Equality Act 2010, common sense too, then we should be knowledgeable in the planning of our lessons and activities to ensure all children are included at all times. All activity planning must be done to ensure all of the individual needs of the children are met. To be able to do this correctly we firstly need to look at the ages of the children we are working with. The ages will fall into the categories of, birth – 12 months, 12-24 months, 24-36 months and 36-60 months. Once we have identified the correct age bracket we can think about our activities, whilst we are doing this we must also ensure that we are giving choices to the children as this will help with their decision making and confidence. For the birth-12 month age where the child is not mobile, placing a selection of toys within their reach is the best solution. For 12-24 months when the children are starting to walk and talk we can place different games and tasks around the setting and communicate with them and give them a choice of what they want to do. Again this can be used for the following 2 age brackets but we can expand on it by asking them to choose, unpack and tidy away their own activities as this will stretch them and promote more independence. Whilst we do have these age brackets as a guideline we must remember that children will develop at their own pace and may not always fall into the set guidelines. Therefore we must assess each individual child and ensure that they are given suitable tasks with they will be able to complete either independently or with a little guidance and help. The child must never feel overwhelmed by the task or activity as this will affect their confidence. We could also again use differentiation for this. Communication will form a large part in ensuring individual needs are met as we can speak to the children and ask if they are enjoying what they are doing and also finding out what their likes and dislikes are will help when planning future activities. Using communication to aid our planning will also benefit any disabled children as we will be able to discuss with them ways which they feel we could make activities easier and more enjoyable for them so their individual needs are also met. It is of paramount importance that we fully meet the individual needs of the children so that they can gain further knowledge and skills which will help them grow and develop. Within early year’s settings we must make sure that we promote the children’s physical and emotional well being, there are several ways that this can be done. Firstly we need to look at safety, not just the part of keeping the child safe and away from danger but making them feel safe in their new environment and with being separated from their parents. The child’s key worker will be in charge of this. The key worker will have to build a good and trusting relationship with the child so they feel safe in their care. Working with parents on this would be very beneficial in making the transition and separation easier. Finding out likes and dislikes of a child will also help with getting to know them as individuals and help build up a good relationship. Safety must also cover keeping the child safe within the setting and away from harm. The key worker will need to ensure all age appropriate toys and games are used at all times to reduce problems such as choking hazards. When we look at the physical wellbeing of the early year’s children we must also look at the key worker to child ratio to make sure the child is getting the correct amount of care. Whilst the children are under 24 months we must make sure that the ratio is one key worker to three children, this is due to them having no sense of danger and requiring extra care and watching. As the children get older and more mobile the ratio reduces, at 24-36 months there is only one key worker required for four children, this is because the children are becoming more independent. At 36-60 months the children are much more independent and are aware of danger and hazards. Emotional wellbeing can be promoted in these early years in different ways. One of the biggest things we can do is to allow the child to make choices and decisions for themselves. Using a selection of games and letting them pick their own is a great way to do this, also allowing a choice when it comes to snack time is beneficial as it promotes independence and decision making skills which they will need in later life. We must also give the children the right to say ‘no’ to certain things as this will empower them and enable them to become more resilient individuals. Other ways we can promote the physical and emotional well being of all children include introducing safety lessons and talks. Lessons such as kitchen and bathroom safety are important. Teaching about road safety and ‘stranger danger’ and appropriate and inappropriate ways of touching and talking to each other will also be very beneficial. If we implement and promote all of the above to our early year’s children then they will have a good, strong and solid foundation which will help them greatly in later life. References:- Albert Bandura (1977) Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) (2012) Equality Act (2010) The Children’s Act (1989) The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children

Essay --

Disasters are sudden and tragic which experiences huge loss, damage, destruction, waste of land and life. Most times it becomes difficult measure the damage resulted through disasters. It harms the complete living status of the dwellers of the affected and neighboring area by interfering in their socio-economic growth. The impacts of a disaster includes ridiculous disturbance in the usual living condition as the basic necessities like food, health, home, etc becomes inaccessible. Classification and characteristics of disasters: Natural and Manmade are the two basic categories of the disaster and as per their destruction, these are further classified into major or minor disasters. The 21st century feels to be the worst victim of both natural and manmade disasters. Equally major and minor natural disasters already started to hit the prosperity of the humanity and the manmade disasters are ready to fire. Yes, the current recorded impacts of deforestation, pollution, epidemics, road accidents, inhumanity, etc like manmade disasters are evident of upcoming tragedies. Natural disasters h...

Understanding the Lord’s Prayer

Understanding the Lord’s Prayer â€Å"Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us today our daily bread. Forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And lead us not into temptation but deliver us from the evil one† (Matthew 6:9-13). Most people, religious or not, are familiar with this prayer. Some call it a prayer, some call it a chant, and some call it a meaningless set of words. No matter what the opinion is regarding the prayer, breaking it down can be thought provoking and difficult to fully understand.On the surface it is very simple, but below the surface the words have very deep theological implications. According to the New International Version Bible, Jesus said in Matthew 6:9, â€Å"This, then, is how you should pray. † However, a problem arises out of this interpretation. The actual Greek to English translation is â€Å"Make your prayers go like this. † In other words, the prayer is actually a template of how prayers should go (Rhodes). Often, the prayer is mistaken for something that should be recited word for word.It is not wrong to recite the prayer verbatim, however, God did not intend for people to recite the words as a meaningless ritual. Praying using Jesus’ template shows the following way to form prayers: To acknowledge who God is, to pray for his work to be done on earth, to ask for what is needed, to ask for forgiveness, and lastly, to ask for a way to deal with temptation and opposition (Rhodes). The words â€Å"Our Father,† in Matthew 6:9 are two of the most powerful words in the prayer. The definition of the word â€Å"Our† is: â€Å"Belonging to or associated with more than one person† (www. oogle. com). The body of Christ is a group of believers that are brothers and sisters in Christ. The first word â€Å"Our† suggests being a part of this body of Christ (Ruffin). The second word â€Å"Father† is the one whom is being addressed. A prayer should always start by recognizing that the Lord our God is the one being prayed to, but God also wants to be approached as a child approaches their loving father (Pastor Mike) because God desires intimacy (AllDeaf. com). God wants to be addressed as â€Å"Father† out of love and humility (Pastor Mike).The child needs to recognize their position as so, and God’s position as Father. â€Å"Hallowed be your name† (Matthew 6:9). This portion is acknowledging God’s worthiness and greatness (Ruffin) because â€Å"Hallowed† literally means: â€Å"To make holy† or â€Å"To demonstrate as holy. † When praying the words â€Å"Hallowed be your name,† it is praising His holy and worthy name. God is not a buddy or friend whom should be carelessly addressed, but neither is He distant (Pastor Mike). This concept is loosely related to why God is addressed as Father. Your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven† (Matthew 6:10). This section of the template is praying for God’s work on earth (Rhodes). The word’s â€Å"Your kingdom come,† is praying for the Lord’s guidance (Ruffin) on behalf of God’s kingdom (AllDeaf. com) to do everything unto the Lord. â€Å"Your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven,† is declaring that God is really in charge of everything. The word â€Å"Will† means the same as â€Å"Desire,† so praying for God’s will to be done is also praying for all the God desires to be done (Pastor Mike).These words are also asking the Lord to take over so that His children can operate by His answers and not their own because the key words is â€Å"Your will be done,† not â€Å"Our will be done† (Ruffin). â€Å"Give us today our daily bread† (Matthew 6:11). These words are asking for God to provide what is needed in order to sustain spir itual and daily needs (Ruffin). God may not give everything that is wanted, but he gives everything that is truly needed because God cares for His children. This line also points back to when God was leading His people out of Egypt and every morning He gave them enough manna to last through the day.God did not give them more than one day’s worth of manna, however, so that they would continue to rely on Him to provide (Pastor Mike). That is why the prayer is not, â€Å"Give us this week our weekly bread. † The prayer is â€Å"Give us today our daily bread,† so that God is continually relied on to provide. â€Å"And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors† (Matthew 6:12). Forgiveness is surrender (AllDeaf. com); God does not want His children to carry their own weight. That is why He created prayer. God created His children in His image, so as a forgiving God, His children must also be forgiving.In doing so, it shows love to one another a nd Christ. On the surface, it cannot get more straight forward than asking God to forgive sins, but below the surface something that is not so straight forward is the concept of fairness. Nowhere else in the bible does God talk about fairness. Looking at the verse the words, â€Å"Forgive us our debts,† is not the only thing that is said. It is phrased as a condition. It says, â€Å"Forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. † Meaning God will forgive the sins of His children, if His children forgive each other. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one† (Matthew 6:13). This is the section of the template asking for a way to deal with temptation and opposition (Rhodes). This is asking the Lord to carry away the evil, and anything that represents evil. God wants His children to pray this, so they won’t succumb to the evil temptations of the world. Some people believe as though sin is the cause of the fall, but really sin is just the victim of temptation. Temptation is the true culprit, because that is what leads God’s children into sin. â€Å"Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name.Your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us today our daily bread. Forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And lead us not into temptation but deliver us from the evil one† (Matthew 6:9-13). Some call it a prayer, some call it a chant, and some call it a meaningless set of words. Most people, religious or not, are familiar with this prayer, but the body of Christ lives and breathes this prayer. Repeat it and it becomes a meaningless ritual (Rhodes), pray the words and it becomes the foundation to the relationship shared with Christ.

How To Distribute Your Content To Reach More People [E-Book]

How To Distribute Your Content To Reach More People [E-Book] As bloggers, you  can learn a thing or two from musicians. Musicians feel the need to share their art with the world. Just like you. To do that, musicians  record albums.  Then they tour  to promote their albums- they go from city to city to find their audience- ask distributors to sell their albums, and share their music online. In short, musicians  create great content and work hard to distribute  that content. The Complete Insiders Guide: How To Distribute Content To Reach Your Audience #contentdistributionAnd like musicians, this is why you should care about content distribution: You pour yourself into creating awesome content that people want to read. That time and energy you put into your content is hard to come by. You probably have an audience who  already knows and loves you, but there are others like them who just dont know about your newest creation. The best way to maximize your  time and content- and reach a broader audience  that cares about what you have to say- is to distribute your content. How Owned, Paid, And Earned Media Work Together For The Best  Content Distribution Heres a traditional way of thinking about content distribution with owned, paid, and earned media: And while you might lean toward one or another, all three together make a really effective  combination. A simple way to think about owned, paid, and earned content distribution  is a three-legged stool. Without even one of its legs, the stool would fall over.

The Dan Harmon Story Circle 8 Simple Steps to a Powerful Structure

The Dan Harmon Story Circle 8 Simple Steps to a Powerful Structure The Dan Harmon Story Circle: What Authors Can Learn from Rick and Morty Writer Dan Harmon, the creator of TV’s Community, has a reputation for being a story structure evangelist. For over a decade, he’s been known to ‘break’ the stories he’s working on with a system he known as ‘The Embryo,’ ‘The Dan Harmon Story Circle,’ or just ‘The Story Circle.’ It’s an approach that many other writers have since adopted, including IT Crowd creator Graham Linehan. Zone of Comfort: Pip, a young orphan, lives a modest life on the moors.But they want something: He becomes obsessed with Estella, a wealthy girl of his age.They enter an unfamiliar situation: A mysterious benefactor plucks Pip from obscurity and throws him - a fish out of water - into London society.Adapt to it: He learns to live the high life and spends his money frivolouslyGet what they wanted: Pip is finally a gentleman, which he believes will entitle him/make him worthy of Estella.Pay a heavy price for it: Pip discovers that his money came from a convict, he drowns in debt, he regrets alienating his Uncle, he realizes that his pursuit of Estella is futile.Then return to their familiar situation: Pip makes peace with his Uncle Joe (who nurses him back to health). Pip disappears to Egypt for years, and once again returns home†¦Changed: Back once again where the story started, a now-humbled Pip reunites with Estella who, due to some plot, is ready to open her heart to him.Alt hough Great Expectation was a serial, written week-by-week, Dickens must have consciously or unconsciously been aware of this cycle. He sent his characters on a journey towards something they wanted -   only for them to pay the price and return home, changed.As with any sensible advice about structure, the takeaway here is not that you must slavishly adhere to a set formula or risk ruining your story. This story circle, along with other popular story structures like the three-act structure, are simply tools based on observations of stories that have managed to resonate with readers over the centuries. Just know this: if you find yourself at an impasse with any story you’re writing - you could do a lot worse than to crack out the story wheel, identify where you are, and see what comes next in the cycle.What other novels could you break down using the Dan Harmon Story Circle? Take your favorite book and tell us what all 8 plot points are in the comments below.

Hyphenation of Phrasal Adjectives

Hyphenation of Phrasal Adjectives Hyphenation of Phrasal Adjectives Hyphenation of Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol Hyphens have been erroneously omitted from phrasal adjectives in the following three examples, each of which is followed by an explanation of the error and a corrected version of the sentence. 1. Three of those assembly members face a tough reelection in a Republican heavy district or represent the economically hard hit Central Valley. A lack of hyphenation in the phrase â€Å"Republican heavy district† prompts the reading â€Å"a heavy district inhabited by Republicans,† but the phrase means â€Å"a district populated mostly by Republicans,† so the phrase â€Å"Republican heavy,† as a phrasal adjective modifying district, should be hyphenated; the same rule applies for the final phrase: â€Å"Three of those assembly members face a tough reelection in a Republican-heavy district or represent the economically hard-hit Central Valley.† 2. The objective is to enhance focus and character work on a scene to scene basis. The phrase â€Å"scene to scene† modifies basis, so it should be hyphenated: â€Å"The objective is to enhance focus and character work on a scene-to-scene basis.† (However, just as one would write â€Å"a district heavy in Republicans† or â€Å"the Central Valley was hard hit,† the phrasal adjective should not be hyphenated when it follows the noun, as in â€Å"we worked on the script scene to scene† (or, better, â€Å"scene by scene†). 3. A weary customer said, â€Å"This is a serious shop until you drop situation, and I am dropping.† What kind of a situation is it? One in which the customer shops until he or she drops. The idiomatic phrase â€Å"shop until you drop† is a phrasal adjective modifying situation, so it should be hyphenated: â€Å"A weary customer said, ‘This is a serious shop-until-you-drop situation, and I am dropping.’† If that train of four hyphenated words seems too cumbersome, enclose it in single quotation marks: â€Å"This is a serious ‘shop until you drop’ situation, and I am dropping.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?In Search of a 4-Dot Ellipsis50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

Strategic marketing based on case study Maytag Corporation Research Paper

Strategic marketing based on case study Maytag Corporation - Research Paper Example The main problem in this case is the decision of buying the Maytag Corporation. The deadline regarding the offer is getting near and Qingdao Haier was still undecided whether or not to acquire the other company. Alongside with the main problem is the issue of what would Maytag bring to Qingdao in case it has made its decision to finally acquire it – whether it will be beneficial to the company or would just be a burden to the firm. Moreover, the changes that the acquisition would bring to the company such as the structure, the operations and even the policies are also the things that Qingdao should consider. All these should be evaluated in order to come up with a sound decision of Qingdao’s acquisition of Maytag. SWOT Analysis †¢ Strengths Qingdao Haier Ltd. is a very powerful company operating for more than two decades already. With this, the company has become one of the top 50 corporations in developing countries. Its ability to manufacture appliances at a wide range is also a strength that the company has, not to mention its diversified marketing strategy. Being able to conquer even the foreign lands is a proof of how well the company is going. The strength of going in for a difficult market, just like what the company did shows how strong the company is and reaching those markets is another strength for the company since this would mean that they are able to influence more people, thus bringing in higher income to themselves. As for Maytag Corporation, its edge on advertising is a big strength for the company. The quality of their appliances is also well-known. Maytag has as well made a mark in the home appliance industry by selling their appliances on the large retailers and numerous independent distributors. Con quering the United States, the company is said to be at large in this country. Maytag Corporation can also be said as a diversified corporation when it comes to their products. They are able to compete with other companies by producing appliances that meet the needs of different people. Weaknesses The Qingdao Haier Ltd. is weak at its advertising campaigns. Though this could not be seen as much of a hindrance to the company’s success, still, it can be viewed as its weakness, as advertisements make a huge impact on everything especially when you are selling something. Another weakness that Qingdao possesses is the pricing. Qingdao prices its products lower than any other brands like Whirlpool, General Electric and Maytag. This can be viewed as a weakness since by pricing your product on a lower level; consumers can have the mentality that your product is a sub-standard one as well. On the other hand, Maytag Corporation’s main weakness is its lack of innovation. The need s of people changes as time passes by and Maytag failed to deliver these needs, unlike what the other brands did. This has caused for the decline in sales and revenues for Maytag Corporation for the past years. With this, distributors as well stopped selling the brands thus giving

Discuss the use of monetary policy to influence the levels of Essay

Discuss the use of monetary policy to influence the levels of inflation and unemployment in an economy - Essay Example Reserves of commercial bank are one from of liabilities of federal bank .the imposition of reserve requirement from federal bank results this liability. Treasury deposits are also a liability for federal bank since there are the deposits made by treasury department of states. Federal Reserve notes are the notes circulated by federal bank in the country in the form of paper money. They are the claims against the assets of federal bank and hence become liability for federal bank. Since, we know that one of the core functions of federal bank is the creation and control of money in the economy, the monetary policy acts as an action plan for this purpose. The federal bank has three core tools to control the money supply in the market Since bonds are floated in the market by government and other organization to raise money, they can be used by the federal bank to increase or decrease the money supply. The federal bank can either buy or sell bonds with commercial bank or general public. Buying securities from commercial banks the reserve of commercial bank are increased while the assets base of federal bank increases. Same thing happens when the federal bank buys securities from public, the asset base of the federal bank increases as well as that of commercial bank. Overall the money at the disposal of federal bank increase which increases the money supply n the market. Reserve ratio is the amount of reserve of commercial bank that they are required to keep with the federal bank. This reserve is not allowed to be loaned to the public. A federal bank, when want to increase money supply in the market decreases the reserve ratio which in turn decreases the reserve of commercial bank kept with federal bank. With the increase money at the disposal of commercial bank they are able to load out more money in the market which increases the money supply. Similarly if the federal bank wants to decrease the money supply it increases the

2 short cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 short cases - Essay Example Originally, he agreed to lend me the amount without interest as long as I pay it back on time. I had used the borrowed money to buy some school books and also some decent clothes. I had planned to pay it back on time using my earnings from my part-time job waiting on restaurant tables in my spare time on weekends when I am not so busy. My dilemma is that I now already have the $100 in my pocket, ready to pay him back. A totally unexpected problem came up just the other day, with my mom informing me my grandma had suffered another of her usual asthma attacks and needed some medication immediately. This out-of-the-blue development caught me by surprise since grandma had been well long enough in this regard, meaning she had not suffered asthma for several years already and I had thought she had finally gotten over this ailment. My mom called up me to buy my grandma her medicine at a nearest drugstore within our locality. The problem was that just a few minutes earlier, I called up my friend and informed him I was going to his place to hand him back his money as repayment and as a fulfillment of my promise a month earlier to pay it back on time. Our neighborhood is a bit run down and is on the poorer side of our community. As such, it has been a haven for petty criminals although I have some friends among them. These friends are usually just juvenile delinquents who have plenty of time on their hands and nothing better to do with their spare time and extra energies. The key to survival in this part of town is to just keep your head down and mind you own business so nobody will interfere with you also. On one of my shopping expeditions in one of our neighborhood grocery outlets, I meet 2 former school mates from high school. They both said they have no jobs and had fallen on hard times brought by the economic downturn. They were looking for a job and both

Ethical dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical dilemmas - Essay Example Ethical practices make good business sense, because ethical companies suffer less resentment, less litigation, and less regulatory oversight. Furthermore, ethical managers and ethical businesses tend to be more trusted and better treated by employees, suppliers, stockholders, and consumers. Organizations are a reflection of society; they are the method by which individuals unite to form a network of common interest. And each organization is a fluid enterprise. At its center are the managers and executives responsible for directing the resources of the company. Shareholders own the capital and expect a return on their investment. Workers produce the goods and expect a decent wage and safe working conditions. To have a successful enterprise, each group must be responsive to the others and balance its interest against the interests of the others. When the balance is upset or when the interests pull too hard against each other, the ethical system is damaged. For an enterprise to continually give value to human effort and to encourage creative achievements, a balance of all interests is required ( Parry, 2001). Administrative actions are shaped by three domains: legality, free choice, and integrity. The law defines and constrains the limits of potential actions, specifying the bounds of lawful behavior. What is legal is not necessarily moral; what is not prohibited by law is not necessarily ethical; and what minimally meets the law is not necessarily proper. While the law codifies customs, ideals, beliefs, and moral values of a society, it cannot possibly cover all possible human actions (Beauchamp, Bowie, 2002). The rightness of actions is constrained by the third domain, integrity, which is obedience to the unenforceable. This represents unwritten, often unspoken, guidelines for behavior for which no legal mandates or prohibitions exist. It is the grey area where neither law nor free choice prevail. This is the realm of integrity, the necessary foundation for ethical decision making. Ethics is different from law because it involves no formal sanctions. It is different from etiquette because it goes beyond mere social convention. It is different from religion because it makes no theological assumptions. It is different from aesthetics because it is aimed at conduct and character rather than objects. It is different from prudence because it goes beyond self-interest to include the interests of others. It is different from finance and marketing and governing and parenting and carpentry, in that it does not involve a special purpose or special role as its point of departure. Ethics is both a process of inquiry and a code of conduct. Ethical inquiry consists of asking the questions of what is good and what is evil, what is right and what is wrong. As a code of conduct, it is a sort of inner eye that enables people to see the rightness or wrongness of their actions. Values are core beliefs about what is intrinsically desirable. They underly the choices made in work decisions just as they underlie the choices made in one's private life. They give rise to ideals that are called ethics or morals. The two terms are sometimes confused. Actually, ethics and morals are synonymous. While ethics is derived from Greek, morals is derived from Latin. They are interchangeable terms referring to ideals of character and conduct. These

Ethical Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Issue - Essay Example While specialization is increasing in every area, hospitals are shuffling nurses from one unit to another with increased patient loads. Such cost effective measures compromise with the safety and quality and questions are raised on how ethical it is to do so. To make nurse staffing safe and appropriate, it was decided not to use nurse-to-patient ratios as a baseline standard for minimum safe staffing (Gallagher, Kany, Rowell, & Peterson, 1999). Nursing shortage in the United States is largely responsible for shifting nurses from one department to another. It is estimated that by 2010 there will be a shortage of about 800,000 nurses and this shortage already shows dire results (Bodley & Davis, 2003). The shortage is leading to delegation of patient care activities to nurses’ aides and unlicensed assistive personnel. Nurses do not have the managerial support or the control over their environments. Shifting nurses from unit to unit, imposing mandatory overtime, attrition in the p rofession is unlikely to abate. Psychiatric nursing is a specialized area where the availability of appropriate personnel remains a perennial problem. Patients in the mental health department need kindness and compassion during the acute phase of their illness but Nolan and Bourke (2001) point out that they were forced to live in poor social environment while they were being treated for severe mental illness. The nurses lacked the skills in interpersonal relationships. Nurses in the mental health department reported that the type of intervention had changed and there was a decreased emphasis on dynamic therapy (Nolan & Bourke). Treatment is now based on pharmacology and there was an increased use of cognitive therapies. Independent practice opportunities were lost while advanced certification and prescription authority had increased the scope

The Effect of Poverty on Children Living in West Africa and Britain Essay

The Effect of Poverty on Children Living in West Africa and Britain - Essay Example Increasingly, poverty is understood and measured in relative terms; it is not having access to those resources that one sees is taken for granted in one’s own society by others. Growing up in poverty affects every aspect of a child’s life; diet and health suffer, housing is often sub-standard, accident-proneness is high, and illnesses are long-standing. It is also been shown through research that children born to poor parents are likely to have reduced weight and height at birth, are less likely to excel academically and have poorer attendance records in school. Adults who grew up in poverty are more prone to ill-health, unemployment, homelessness, arrests for criminal offences, drug and alcohol abuse and abusive relationships. It is often the case that children in poverty stay in poverty well into their adult life as well and remain in the same quarter of income distribution as their parents. Some of the main reasons why children fail to break this cycle of poverty are missing periods of school, being in care, being known to police, misuse of drugs, teenage parenthood and being out of education either having to work or otherwise. What is Poverty? The widely accepted definition of poverty is having an income which is less than 60% of the national average (excluding the wealthiest members of society). The ‘poverty line’ is defined in terms of 69 percent of the median household income, adjusted for household composition. Peter Townsend defines poverty emphasising its relative nature: Individuals, families and groups in the population can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditions and amenities which are customary.

Ethical dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical dilemmas - Essay Example Ethical practices make good business sense, because ethical companies suffer less resentment, less litigation, and less regulatory oversight. Furthermore, ethical managers and ethical businesses tend to be more trusted and better treated by employees, suppliers, stockholders, and consumers. Organizations are a reflection of society; they are the method by which individuals unite to form a network of common interest. And each organization is a fluid enterprise. At its center are the managers and executives responsible for directing the resources of the company. Shareholders own the capital and expect a return on their investment. Workers produce the goods and expect a decent wage and safe working conditions. To have a successful enterprise, each group must be responsive to the others and balance its interest against the interests of the others. When the balance is upset or when the interests pull too hard against each other, the ethical system is damaged. For an enterprise to continually give value to human effort and to encourage creative achievements, a balance of all interests is required ( Parry, 2001). Administrative actions are shaped by three domains: legality, free choice, and integrity. The law defines and constrains the limits of potential actions, specifying the bounds of lawful behavior. What is legal is not necessarily moral; what is not prohibited by law is not necessarily ethical; and what minimally meets the law is not necessarily proper. While the law codifies customs, ideals, beliefs, and moral values of a society, it cannot possibly cover all possible human actions (Beauchamp, Bowie, 2002). The rightness of actions is constrained by the third domain, integrity, which is obedience to the unenforceable. This represents unwritten, often unspoken, guidelines for behavior for which no legal mandates or prohibitions exist. It is the grey area where neither law nor free choice prevail. This is the realm of integrity, the necessary foundation for ethical decision making. Ethics is different from law because it involves no formal sanctions. It is different from etiquette because it goes beyond mere social convention. It is different from religion because it makes no theological assumptions. It is different from aesthetics because it is aimed at conduct and character rather than objects. It is different from prudence because it goes beyond self-interest to include the interests of others. It is different from finance and marketing and governing and parenting and carpentry, in that it does not involve a special purpose or special role as its point of departure. Ethics is both a process of inquiry and a code of conduct. Ethical inquiry consists of asking the questions of what is good and what is evil, what is right and what is wrong. As a code of conduct, it is a sort of inner eye that enables people to see the rightness or wrongness of their actions. Values are core beliefs about what is intrinsically desirable. They underly the choices made in work decisions just as they underlie the choices made in one's private life. They give rise to ideals that are called ethics or morals. The two terms are sometimes confused. Actually, ethics and morals are synonymous. While ethics is derived from Greek, morals is derived from Latin. They are interchangeable terms referring to ideals of character and conduct. These

The Effect of Poverty on Children Living in West Africa and Britain Essay

The Effect of Poverty on Children Living in West Africa and Britain - Essay Example Increasingly, poverty is understood and measured in relative terms; it is not having access to those resources that one sees is taken for granted in one’s own society by others. Growing up in poverty affects every aspect of a child’s life; diet and health suffer, housing is often sub-standard, accident-proneness is high, and illnesses are long-standing. It is also been shown through research that children born to poor parents are likely to have reduced weight and height at birth, are less likely to excel academically and have poorer attendance records in school. Adults who grew up in poverty are more prone to ill-health, unemployment, homelessness, arrests for criminal offences, drug and alcohol abuse and abusive relationships. It is often the case that children in poverty stay in poverty well into their adult life as well and remain in the same quarter of income distribution as their parents. Some of the main reasons why children fail to break this cycle of poverty are missing periods of school, being in care, being known to police, misuse of drugs, teenage parenthood and being out of education either having to work or otherwise. What is Poverty? The widely accepted definition of poverty is having an income which is less than 60% of the national average (excluding the wealthiest members of society). The ‘poverty line’ is defined in terms of 69 percent of the median household income, adjusted for household composition. Peter Townsend defines poverty emphasising its relative nature: Individuals, families and groups in the population can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditions and amenities which are customary.

ICT and an Adult in Education Essay Example for Free

ICT and an Adult in Education Essay Mr Williams is a teacher at my school, he teaches ICT and Business Studies at KS3, ICT at KS4, Form Tutor, Production, Collection and Collation of Reports for the whole of my school. He produces information on students and for staff to help in teaching and learning, he also produces statistics for staff, senior staff, LEA and DFES. He also produces information to do with effort grades ad target setting information. So he uses a lot of technology, this includes; * PCs on a Network * Apple Macs on a Network * Internet via 10MB broadband * E-mail * Laptop also on Network * Digital Video Camera * Digital Still Camera * Digital LCD Projector * Palm m515 PDA * Wireless Notebooks Window/MAC OS * USB Memory sticks * Data Logging Hardware * Control hardware/software * Fax * Also available Interactive Whiteboard Mr Williams is a teacher of I. C.T and business studies at Key Stage 3, teacher of I.C.T at Key Stage 4, Production, collection and collation of Reports for the whole school, effort grades and target setting information he produces also. He produces of information on students for staff to use which will help in teaching and learning. He has achieved the Electronic registration system for the whole school within 12 months for people to use and view. He performs general backup for staff using RM software, he also performs General Network Administration which is adding new pupils and staff users. He gives advice on purchasing new equipment for the whole school and departments. He selects, purchases and setups laptops for teachers using E-Learning. Mr Williams analyses exam results so senior staff and heads of years or departments so they are aware of achievement compared to the expected results. Staff are also able to view these results so they can be aware of performance issues. Subject staffs, heads of years and de partments, senior staff and form tutors are also able to access these results, grades and comments. Extra software is available which will help staff by using the system that was introduced by Mr Williams, (software produced using Microsoft Visual Basic). The RM Network The RM network system allows Mr Williams to access the information on students and is able to update it if needed such as if the student changes address or phone numbers. Mr Howells can now, after Mr Williams has set the network up, can get access to LEA Management Information System and the school records. Data bases are creates to hold student information on staffs users names or folders on their laptops. Mr Williams has also enabled access from home, using the internet and school passwords. He has also updates the Pupil Achievement Tracker software which allows staff to store progress of students within classes or year group. The RM connect system enables Mr Williams and two other members of staff, who are supervisor users, to access students work areas to solve problems and to check appropriate use of programmes and internet. The E-mail system is also filtered so inappropriate E-mails are redirected and staff are able to view them, the access of websites with inappropriate langua ge or content such as pictures, Mr Williams and the other two members can check. The RM system is set up to allows staff to open Read only documents so they can give students access to related subjects. Mr Williams uses this for providing information, revision materials, coursework guides and modelling situations and simulation materials. Also used is a Virtual CDROM software and a multimedia server this allows staff and students to access CDROM images, such as the Applied ICT On-Line course used in years 9, 10 and 11. Digital Multimedia Technology Mr Williams also uses digital multimedia technology to help provide teaching and learning resources. Mr Williams used a digital camcorder, a still camcorder and Video editing software on Apple computers on a programme called IMovie and Windows, Microsoft Movie Maker2 to interview staff in local company. The final video clips were used on Matchware Mediator, which helped him to produce a series of web pages which students now use for their coursework tasks. Digital LCD Projector Mr Williams uses a digital LCD projector to allow students to use and interact with progressing work. Either Mr Williams or a Student will control the PC being used in the demonstration or teaching session. Mr Williams also uses this technology with teachers on Inset days for staff. School Internet Network Mr Williams uses the internet the school provides for teaching and learning and links on the school system. The internet is used for research for topics and to help Mr Williams keep up to date with the education and subjects. Students and staff use the school e-mail system to communicate or send work for marking or that has been marked via E-mail. Mr Williams can view students progress on GCSE grades by using created databases in DataPower which stores coursework marks, comments and examination marks. Formulae is used to estimate the final grade the student may be given to the student, he can do this by using board supplied information. This information is shared with students and used to report back to parents. Virtual Learning Mr Williams has helped in the introduction of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The VLE allows students to upload web pages to the school system and also as a secure data and information storage area for students work. PDA Mr Williams uses PDA in school; this holds a lot of useful information such as Diary information, pupil performance information, examples of E-book for future reference by students in the school. Software and information can be beamed using Infra Red technology to members of staff or to certain Infra-Red equipped printers in the school. USB Stick Mr Williams has introduced the use of USB stick technology which enables transport of large amounts of data in a compact secure form (32 or 128 Mb at present). Data Logging and Control Hardware Mr Williams uses Data Logging and Control hardware in teaching and provides INSET days for ICT and Science staff, these days are needed to improve the quality of teach Wireless Mr Williams uses the wireless (55Mb) notebooks with students in school and with adult learners to allow them to experience new technology. The advantages are obvious, a lot more space recommended for each machine, extra infra form is required, (Wireless access points can be plugged into network sockets, for easy movement), students can also work in groups in a more adjustable way. The School Network The School Network System enables Mr Williams to access information on students or necessary by students or staff anywhere in the school. Software He uses a lot of software such as Microsoft Word Access, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Publisher, DataPower 2, Macromedia dreamweaver, Macromedia Fireworks, Macromedia Flash, Macromedia Freehand, Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Photoshop, Pupil Achievement Tracker (PAT), IMovie, Microsoft Movie Maker 2, QuickTime Pro, Microsoft Visual Basic, Internet Explorer, EasyMail and Outlook Express. Hardware and Network, Windows Desktop PCs, Windows Laptop, Apple IBooks (wireless) Apple G4 desktops, Apple Network using MACOS Xserver, RM Connect network using 5 NT4 servers and a multimedia server, Fibre Optic spine connecting four cabinets which contain Hubs and Switches, 100Mb Ethernet to the desktop, 10Mb Broadband Internet access with RM SmartCache technology, Palm m515 PDA using IR and USB technologies for transferring data. He also uses a Promethean Interactive Whiteboard, Sony digital video camera, Canon digital video camera, Sony digital still camera, Canon digital still camera. The Internet Mr Williams uses the internet for research, if he did not have the internet he would have to get information from textbooks, and use more textbooks during lessons while he teaches. If he had to do this it would be expensive. If he was not able to have access to the internet it would mean he would have to photocopy from books so he would have to arrange time before and after lessons to photocopy the information needed. To do this more money is needed to be spent and more time would be needed, so other jobs will not be able to be completed as time would be wasted on photocopying. As Mr Williams will always be up to date with resources as he uses the internet. Mr Williams also uses the internet to buy gifts for friends and family, such as buying tickets fro the cinema or theatre, with his friends and family. He likes using the internet to but gifts as he gets an online discount, that isnt available in the shops and by using the internet he doesnt have to waste time waiting in queues. Al though there is a disadvantage about purchasing online as he doesnt always get to see all the objects in the shop, and he also has to pay for delivery, but that works out the same as the amount of money he would of spent driving to the shop and parking. The PDA The PDA had several facilities this means Mr Williams will have all the information he needs for the day. If he didnt have this piece of technology Mr Williams wouldnt be able to travel around school to see students and teachers as he would have to carry lots of papers with him if he didnt have this technology. Sometimes he is not able to take his laptop into meetings but with this programme he is able to save work to his area, this is handy as he will never loose his work or information, like he would if he had to carry paper around with him. The PDA has facilities which a useful to Mr Williams, such as alarms and a diary, this meets his needs as he is never late to an appointment or meeting and never misses a private party or function, like a family members of friends birthday party. Digital Camcorder He uses a digital camcorder to create applications for his students ICT classes. This allows Mr Williams to download the resources directly to the system. Mr Williams can now uses student friendly resources in his teaching schedules, enriching and improving the experience of his students education. Memory Stick Mr Williams uses a memory stick which allows him to be more resourceful and more flexible in his job. This means Mr Williams can hold data on and be able to transport it around school easily. As he can store more work it means he can do more work at home in his own time in the evenings and at the weekend. This means Mr Williams can now spend more time at home as before he had a memory stick he would have had to spend more time at school, which before he felt he was missing out on his family life. Notebook Dell D810 He uses a Notebook Dell D810, this means he now has more freedom than he used too. Before he had this laptop it meant that he had to sit at a desktop, which is usually in a classroom, and could not get much work finished. This programme means that he can move around during school, as long as it has a wireless connection to the network, having this means he can complete all of his work. Microsoft Word This Microsoft programme can give Mr Williams a variety of options and facilities. One of the facilities is mail merge is useful for producing reports for students. If Mr Williams did not have this option of using Microsoft Word, it would take him an awful long time to add addresss and reports for students. The word processing software also checks his spelling and grammar so it looks professional and correct. Power Point is also used by Mr Williams to create presentations for students. Having this programme allows students how to create different fun pieces or work. E-Mail Mr Williams uses E-mail for school and his social life he uses this so he can send work to and from home, also he can sends work to students via e-mail, with suggestions on how to improve their work. He also uses this to communicate with his family and friends to arrange events in his social life. He likes e-mail because he knows that when he sent an e-mail, it will be viewed by the person he has sent it to, when they open their inbox. This therefore means he can communicate. This means he can communicate with anyone when he is on his computer and isnt near a phone. Doing this means he doesnt have to wait until the person turns on their phone or leaves a message or is at home. Mr Williams feels that when he leaves a message on a phone, he doesnt feel he can communicate properly. He knows that if he sends an e-mail, all of the necessary information will be displayed once read. Network System Mr Williams is able to access information anywhere in the school. This means that he can complete his work anywhere and any time, when he has spare time.

China Airlines Flight 611 Engineering Essay

China Airlines Flight 611 Engineering Essay China Airlines Flight 611, Boeing 747-200 aircraft, was flying from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Taoyuan Originally named as Chiang Kai Shek International Airport to Hong Kong International Airport in Hong Kong, a regularly scheduled flight on 25 May 2002. The aircraft was reported to be disintegrated in mid-air, and crashed into the Taiwan Strait just after 25 minutes after taking off, killing all 225 people aboard. The aircraft was popular around the world and was widely used for over 20 years. After which the accident happened, Taiwanese Authorities quickly launched one of the largest rescue mission of the country aviation history. The incident of the crash occurred between 15:37 and 15:40, local time, the aircraft disappeared from radar screens, assuming that it has experienced and in-flight breakup at FL350 (approximately 35,000 feet), in the Taiwan Strait, near the Penghu Islands. It was spotted by a military C-130 aircraft, approximately 23 nautical miles northeast of makung. The aircraft consists of total 19 crew members and 206 passengers. All was found dead after the crashed and the first body was found at 18:10. Some passengers were found floating on the surface of the ocean, while some remained strapped in their seats. Pieces of the aircraft were also found in the ocean and on Taiwan, as well as the city of Changhua. No signs of burns, explosives or gunshots were found on the wreckage by searchers, except that oil slicks were spotted. Section 2 Event The aircraft was popular around the world and was widely used for over 20 years. After which the accident happened, Taiwanese Authorities quickly launched one of the largest rescue mission of the country aviation history. More than a thousand people took part in it. Fishing boat, coast guard and Taiwan military race out to the sea. The aircraft was found 55km away from the Taiwanese shore, north of the Penghu island where it disappeared. Great amount of wreckage, including landing gear wheels, are found on the ocean. Wreckage of the plane was spread far and wide. Some items are found on land, and some were more than a 100km away in Central Taiwan. As the rescue team continues, Taiwan Aviation Safety Council begins its investigations into the crash of the 22 year-old plane. It was reported that, there is typically one major accident happens every four years, for China Airlines, and this particular accident was so far the most difficult one. The search for survivors goes around the clock. There were 225 people on the airplane, however, none was found alive. Bodies were taken to the Penghu Island to be identified and examined. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) then joins the investigation, and a team of investigators was dispatched to Taiwan. Investigators wants to know how one of the most successful and popular airplane simply fell off the sky. 25 days after the crash, of flight 611, two Black Box were found, in which, one contains the voice recording of voice conversation in the cockpit and the other, data from the flight computer. However, either could give what happened. After trying to retrieve the conversation in the cockpit, there are no unusual sounds before the crash, only after which, the sound of the plane crashing apart was recorded and the recording stopped. Wreckage examinations were the only option left for investigations. At a cruising altitude of 34,900 feet, the aircraft experienced an in-flight break-up. After which, it approaches to its cruising altitude of 35,000 feet. Before the breakup, the thrust of one of the aircrafts four engine began to subside. Concurrently, the engine was the only one recovered from the sea floor. It was likely due to the structural failure in the aft lower lobe section of the fuselage. The final investigation report indicates that the accident was caused by improper repair and maintenance after a previous incident, happened in 1980. It is the result of metal fatigue of the aircrafts tail. On the 7 February, 1980, China Airlines Flight 611 had a tailstrike accident while landing in Hong Kong. Part of the planes tail was damaged in the incident. A temporary repair on the airplane was done the day after.  A more permanent repair was conducted by a team from China Airlines from 23 May to 26 May, 1980. However, during the permanent repair of the tailstrike, it was not carried in accordance with the Boeing Structural Manual (SRM). The area of the damaged skin on the planes tail was not trimmed or removed properly. In addition, the repair doubler plate that was supposed to cover in excess of 30% of the damaged area did not extend beyond the entire damaged area enough to restore the overall structural strength. The cause of the metal fatigue had evidences of brown nicotine stain, caused by the smoke from the cigarettes of people, about seven years before the disaster (smoking was allowed in a pressurized plane at that time). The engineers detected brown nicotine stain all the way around the doubler plate during the inspection. It is concluded that due to the nicotine to had been seeping out because of the pressure that built up when the airplane is in cruising altitude, then stained the part around the doubler plate of the tail. However, there is no proper maintenance done to the doubler plate, which then causes the plane to fall apart in mid air. Section 3 Maintenance Error The accident for the crash is due to improper structural repair. Day after the tail strike, China Airline did a temporary repair, engineers attached a large aluminum plate over the damaged area but a more permanent repair was to be carried out within four months. Engineers of China Airline placed doubler plates right over the scratched material, but the doubler plate that they used was not 30% larger than the affected area. In fact, it was barely or maybe not even larger than the scratched area in certain area. According to the Boeing Repair Manual, many of the scratches on plane were too deep to be repaired. The entire damaged section should had been cut out and replaced by a new one. However, it was not done so, as evidence indicates that the repair was not done according to the Boeing repair Manual. After much investigations, it appears that the maintenance technician failed to replace the damaged pieces, which causes the scratches to remained. China Airline engineers told the investigator that the scratched area was too large to be cut down, so they sanded the scratches down instead. Even though the repair was not done accordingly to the Boeing Repair Manual instructions, they made it seemed like it was. China Airline Engineers documented that they had repaired according to the Boeing standard, and that made the damage impossible to detect as anyone reading the entry would assumed that the damaged area had been cut out as it should had been done so. Thus, metal fatigue of the instrument caused a maintenance error of improper structural repair by the China Airline engineers was disastrous. Section 4 Contributing Factors 4.1 The China Airlines Flight 611 accident was caused by improper use of information/ incorrect modified information/ improper work process. The China Airlines Flight 611 suffered a tail strike while landing on runway on the 7th of February 1980, 22 years before the accident, at the time when the airplane was only six months old. On the day after the tail strike China Airlines did a temporary repair by attaching a large aluminium plate over the damaged area. A permanent repair was scheduled for the aircraft four months later. According to Boeings Structural Repair Manual, a light scratch on the structure of the aircraft can simply be sanded down. But the tail strike that occurred left a deep scratch on the skin of the fuselage that cannot be repaired by sanding it down. The correct procedure was to cut out the damaged area and replace it with a doubler patch that is 30% larger than the original affected area. China Airlines told that the area was too large to be cut out. They did not follow the procedure and carried on sanding down the scratches and finally covering it with a doubler plate. Unfortunately the repair wasnt sufficient nor was the doubler plate large enough. This shows that the engineer tasked with this did not use the information given to him by the Boeings structural repair manual nor did he followed the work process/ procedure but instead modified the manufacturers Structural repair manual incorrectly. With the doubler plate perfectly concealing the improper repair from ever being detected by anyone, the scratches were left to deteriorate into cracks and allowed to spread out for 22 years, until the pressure in the plane was too large for the structure of the plane to withstand that the plane tore apart in mid-air. 4.2 Another contributing factor includes the complacency of engineers. According to Boeings recommendations, the scratches on the skin of the fuselage were too deep to be repaired. The proper action was to cut out the damaged area and replace it with a doubler patch 30% larger than the removed area. The engineer in charge of the task was probably complacent and thought that it was okay to simply sand the scratched area and put a doubler plate on it. He probably thought that the scratch was nothing serious and the doubler plate was strong enough to support the skin and hence did the repairs following his own false judgments. After the Aloha Airlines Flight 243 accident on April 28 1988, the Federal Aviation Administration laid out inspection procedures to be done on older planes. The inspection of China Airlines Flight 611 was carried out on 2001, a year before the accident. This would have been an opportunity for China Airlines to detect the improper repair that was done 21 years back when they found a brown stain on one of the 31 doublers found on the aircraft. This could have warned them of the catastrophic crack that lies behind the doubler and forced them to take immediate action. The China Airlines overlooked this to be something minor and moved on to the second part of the Federal Aviation Administrations procedure which was a detailed inspection of the repaired areas scheduled to be done on the 2nd November 2002. Unfortunately the Boeing-747 never made it to the specified date. 4.3 Another contributing factor includes improper work process and procedure. The repair done was on the damage caused by the tail strike four months later was not logged in truthfully. The way that the engineer logged the repair done to the damaged area made it seem like it was in accordance to the Boeings recommendations and structural repair manual. This lead the improper repair to be oblivious to anyone as anyone who read the entry would have thought that the damaged area had been cut out as it should have been. 4.4 Amount of supervision The repair job might have lacked supervision when it was done and logged. There was no one to witness and re-check the repair that was supposed to be done, how it was done and how it was logged in the entry. If there was someone watching over their actions then hiding such a big mistake would have been impossible. At the very least the engineer would have had to schedule for another proper repair to be done on the next scheduled check. Section 5 Error Prevention Strategies Aviation agencies around the world to inspect their plane more thoroughly for any hidden damages that might develop into a major structure failure. Operators should take the doubler plates off and do a visual inspection to the structure underneath. Develop a tool that allows mechanics to easily detect hidden damages behind the doubler. Such tools are used today. Using ultrasound, sound wave travels through metals and it can reveal damage underneath the doubler. It is the same technology that allows doctor to see the foetus inside the mothers womb .The disadvantage is that it requires a lot of time. Reinforce importance to perform structural repairs according to the Structure Repair Manual or other regulatory agency approved methods, without deviation, and perform damage assessment in accordance with the approved regulations, procedures, and best practices. For any structural damages beyond existing approved data, operators should seek assistance and consultation from the manufacturer(s) for appropriate repair procedures. Categorize structural repair as a major repair Describe defect type and location clearly Step by step instructions and signature requirements Detailed drawings of the damages, locations on the aircraft, doubler dimensions, material specifications, applicable Structure Repair Manual sections, and any special instructions Review the record keeping system to ensure that all maintenance activities have been properly recorded. No longer accept any quick writes of the repair work was done properly if the repair does not have all the necessary documentation that show the repair was done properly in order to provide a clear view for inspector/auditors conducting records reviews. Assess and implement safety related airworthiness requirements, which consists of the Repair Assessment Program(RAP) and Corrosion Prevention and Control Program, at the earliest practicable time and ensure they are completed in conformity with the approved maintenance documents. When implementing the programs, information such as, operational factors, safety aspects, and the uncertainty factors in workmanship and inspection should be fully documented. Increase maintenance crews awareness with regard to the irregular shape of the aircraft structure, as well as any potential signs that may indicate hidden structural damage. 7. Operators to maintain healthy relationship with the manufacturers field service representative so as to actively seek assistance and consultation from manufacturers field service representatives in maintenance and repair operations. 8. Consider the implementation of stand-alone power sources for flight recorders and adding of cabin pressure as one of the mandatory Flight Data Recorder parameter to improve effectiveness in investigations.

Essay examples --

Communication is the necessary exchange of experience, knowledge, thoughts, feelings between two or more people. Need to communicate to any person if it is not then begins depression, caused by deficiency of emotions, impressions, and the person begins to need to communicate as well as in food or water. By the way a person communicates in psychology generally divided people into two categories: introverted and extroverted (Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 2013). Introvert - people, socio-psychological makeup is characterized by concentration on his inner world, insularity. Introverts consider their most important interests; give them the highest value, for they are characterized by social passivity and a tendency to introspection. Introvert gladly fulfills his duties, but does not like the responsibility for the final results. For introverts typical behaviour associated with more comfortable solitude, inner thoughts and feelings, creativity or observation of the process. Introvert can be an excellent scientist, researcher, observer, writer or an individual entrepreneur. Extrovert - a man whose psychological characteristics expressed in focusing their interests in the outside world, the external objects. Extroverts peculiar behavior impulsivity, activity in the gestures, communicative, initiative, social adaptability and openness of the inner world. For extroverts typical behavior in which a person seeks: to communicate with people, attention from others, participation in public speeches, participation in crowded events and parties. An extrovert can be an excellent master of ceremonies organized (often volunteer), official, manage people, artist or entertainer. In which of the two types, you probably know yourself? Perhaps you were u... ...thdrawal from live communication and addiction to the Internet. The user does not notice how he stops to meet with friends, all communication limited social networks. Every day he comes to your pages to view or message came that interesting going on in his friends and it becomes a habit and we can not live peacefully day, if not Go online, and it is already clear signs of addiction. Besides overreliance on social networks leads to a decrease in efficiency. Many employers do not allow their employees to go to the Internet during working hours, to track even special programs, they are happy to use. By the way, if you are using such social networks like twitter, then you can have it in a small income. Of course, to have an extra income on microblogs you will need to place them in advertising, but many services do just focus on it to make it look as natural as possible.

Capital Punishment in America :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Capital Punishment in America The concept of "a life for a life" is "as old as civilization itself" (McCiellan 9). Capital punishment, the legal taking of the life of a criminal, has been utilized in response to three distinct catagories of offense. The three categories are: crimes against the person; crimes against property; and crimes which endanger the security of the nation (Horwitz 13). Capital punishment is still in use in the United States today, but has been abolished by many countries (II 536). The countries that still have the death penalty on their books, rarely employ it . The earliest writings on the subject dates as far back as 2000 B. C., but it is clear that capital punishment more or less has existed since the birth of mankind (Szumski 25). Throughout history, it has been exercised in almost all civilizations as a retribution for severe crimes, but sometimes also for the thrill and excitement. The Romans put slaves and prisoners in the Coliseum as lion food while spectators enjoyed the sight (Horwitz 13). In the early colonial states, the death penalty was applied for a vast number of crimes, just like in England, the ruler of the states in this era (II 536). In England, in the 18th century, there were approximately 220 offenses punishable by death. Some of them would today be considered as misdemeanors and petty crimes (i. e. shooting of a rabbit, the theft of a pocket handkerchief, and to cut down a cherry tree) (Horwitz 13). The majority of these were crimes dealing with property. However, transportation became an alternative to execution in the 17th century. A lot of these criminals were shipped to the U.S. (28). In the early days of our Constitution, the only segments that showed that the death penalty existed were two amendments in the Bill of Rights (Landau 11). These amendments deal with protection and rights of the accused. The fifth amendment prohibits the state from depriving an individual of life without due process of law. The eight amendment prohibits "cruel and unusual" punishment. The Supreme Court has still not determined what this phrase means. In one case in the 1890s, the question was if capital punishment violated the eight amendment. The court relied on the matter that "a definition of cruel and unusual punishment must reflect the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society" (14). Surveys from this era show that a majority of the people favored the death penalty. In the Middle Ages, capital punishment was also applied to animals

Colored People Essay

The â€Å"I have a Dream† speech by Martin Luther King Jr. is considered one of the most memorable speeches of all time. The speech was given August 28th, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC. Some say that it was an effective speech and some say it wasn’t. In his speech Martin Luther King Jr. tried to convince his audience that all people should be treated equally. He believed that black people should have the same rights as the white people and not be punished as brutal than whites. In his speech King use pathos, ethos, and logos to try and get his audience to agree with him. He begins his speech by telling a short story about how an American signed the Emancipation Proclamation and was still not free because of segregation and discrimination. He descriptively talked about how the man is still in poverty and was not considered part of the American society. When talking about this King uses a lot of emotion. By using emotion he was able to emphasize and show his audience that discrimination really was a problem and that it was only getting worse. Martin Luther King’s speech is based on facts and it also comes from his heart. When stating facts, he talks about how colored people are victims of police brutality and how they aren’t allowed to stay at hotels and motels. He also says that they can’t vote, and should be allowed to. King talks about things that come from his heart, such as when he says, he wants his four children to live in a society where they will be judged for who they are and not by the color of their skin. He also said that he wanted all children to be able to be friends with each other and live normal lives together. In his speech King states, â€Å"One day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers â€Å" (3).

The Ethics Of Outsourcing At Mattel

In addition, this article will address how corporate culture played a role in the decision to outsource the manufacturing process to facilities, which were not following legal standards. Keywords Matter, corporate culture, ethics, Fraud, product safety. JELL Classification MIM. BRB / BRB / Introduction / Corporate culture is defined as the shared values and / beliefs of individuals within an organization (Statistics / and Satanist, 2009). Corporate culture is an important / span classmate/acceptances to examine when researchers attempt to explain unethical behavior within an organization.Previous research in the area has primarily focused on the positive aspects culture that is related to firm performance (Deal and Kennedy, 1982 Peters and Waterman, 1982 Dimension, 990). It is also important to considerer/ BRB / that the corporate culture can have negative impact knob / a firestorms operations if the culture supports unethical and / illegal activities. This study examines how one com pany, Matter, developed a culture which allowed the unethical and illegal actions of its suppliers to negatively affect its operations. R / BRB / fixated only on the low price of production of the Chinese suppliers. By allowing the quality standards to drop to potentially dangerous levels, Matter manageress / focused only on their own self-interests since their / pan classmate/spermatozoon was directly linked to the financial performance of Matter. Therefore, Matter managers ignored potential safety issues with the production of the toys in China since lower levels of production orb / BRB / higher costs per unit would have a direct impact knob / their total level of income for the year.As a result, Tiber / does not matter whether the lack of quality controls / were deliberate or not. Since Amateurism's name goes knob / the final product, its managers were accountable forbs / the actions of their suppliers (Hegiras and Sims, bribe / Shanghaiing and Vital, 1990 Granite, 2003). BRB / 1 . The first recall of toys / In 2006, 75 percent of all toys manufactured worldwide came from China. Within China, one province, Gudgeon, is the location of 5,000 of Chinaware's 8,BRB / span classmate/Spartan manufacturing plants.It is estimated that 1. 5 million workers are employed in Gudgeon toys manufacture (McLeod, 2006). Matter makes approximately 65 percent of its toys there. The corporation states tabor / BRB / it demands that the toys that are outsourced to other / manufacturers must comply with the safety standards / established by Matter. Raw materials that would beer / used by an outsourced manufacturer are first sent Toby / the Matter control facility in order to verify they matter / all safety standards.Matter has been manufacturing inborn / China since the first Barbie was made there in 1 959. BRB / The corporation has developed a number of longer / standing relationships with China manufacturers,BRB / which may have lead to more relaxed monitoring and / control of it s operations (Story, 2007). Furthermore,BRB / Matter was a major customer for these suppliers, so Tiber / should have absolute control over the manufacturing / recess as it relates to the level of quality and compliance with government regulations and standards.However, Amateurism's top level managers appeared to beer / BRB / On August 1, 2007, Matter had to recall almost 1. BRB / million toys that were made in China. Over 80 toys / contained potentially dangerous levels of lead in thebe / paint on the toys. A long time supplier of Matter had / span classmate/spanked non-approved paint pigment which violated Amateurism's and the toy industriously standards (Bugaboos, 2007). On August 2, 2007, Matter issued a press release in which it explained its course f action to correct the problem.Matter worked with the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and other regulatory agencies around the world to pull the toys off the shelves and halt the distribution of any toy that contained the unacceptable levels of lead. Robert Cocker, Chairman and CEO stated that liquored apologize to everyone affected by this recall, especially those who bought the toys in questioningly realize that parents / BRB / trust us with what is most precious to atmospherically / children. And we also recognize that trust is earned. R / Our goal is to correct this problem, improve orb / yester and maintain the trust of the families tabor / have allowed us to be part of their lives by acting / responsibly and quickly to address their conquistadors / (Matter, 2007). BRB / Sarah D. Satanist, Peter A Satanist, 2010. BRB / This recall was despite the fact that Matter was rabbet / of the potential lead hazard at least a month earlier,BRB / BRB / Problems and Perspectives in Management, Volume 8, Issue 4, 201 For / BRB / when one of the European retailers that sold Matter / products in early July discovered lead in some of its / toys.On July 6, 2007 Matter stopped production inborn / he factory, which they believe was the origin of thebe / lead paint. Commenting on the supplier using thebe / lead paint, CEO Chart stated that this was a supplier which had worked for Matter for 1 5 years and lectureships question somebody that just started making toys/ span classmate/sponsor slithered understand our regulations, they understand our program, and something went wrong. That Herodotus. It is a requirement established by Matter that those outsourced factories making Matter toys must use paint and other material from certified suppliers.As a result, Matter was not sure whether the manufacturer bustiest paint from bar / BRB / supplier who was not certified or whether the leader / paint came from a certified supplier. In 2007, BRB / percent of Amateurism's total revenues were based knob / the toys that were manufactured in their 11 factories in China which they owned and operated (Story, AAA). BRB/ 2. Why lead painter / Lead is added to paint in order to increase thebe / span classmate/sp anked in which the paint dries, to increase the durability of the paint and to enhance the ability of the paint to resist moisture which could cause corrosion (Wisped).Lead paint is also easier to apply on hard reface and can produce a richer / BRB / color than paint without lead. The net result is tabor / lead enhances how the paint is used in the production process, but the lead is not allowed to be added to the paints. Therefore, paint in which leader / has been added is sold ATA Custodianship's price of ennobler / third of the cost of paint that does not include leader / (Barbara, 2007). BRB / Matter had allowed the local suppliers to implement their own safety testing which resulted in the shipping of tainted toys from the factories in China / to children around the world.The suppliers had / darted to use cheaper paint which contained leader / to reduce manufacturing costs. The supplier tabor / made the toy Lee Deer Industrial Company was / investigated by the Chinese Governmen t for its / role in the use of tainted paint. The supplier stated / that it was cheated by its own paint supplier, whoop / sold Lee Deer Industrial the paint which included / the lead. Lee Deer Industrial claimed that they were / not aware that the paint was contaminated wither / span classmate/spangled (Zamias and Casey, 2007).The Chinese government banned Lee Deer Industrial from exporting any more toys until a full investigation was completed. The net result was that Lee Deer Industrial had to stop its operations, which led to the suicide offer / BRB / its founder Ghana Shogun. Amateurism's response in bar / press release to the suicide was that liquored were / BRB / troubled to hear about this tragic encephalitis is bar / personal misfortune not a corporate event. Any losses / of life is a tragedy and we feel for the family during / this difficult timorous (Cody and Joe, 2007). BRB / 3.The second recall / On August 14, 2007, Matter issued a second major / recall of toys manufact ured in China. The seconded / call include additional toys made with paint contaminated with lead as well as millions of other toys which have magnets which could become loose and / could be swallowed by children. An estimated / 436,000 toys were being recalled due to lead painter / An additional 18. 2 million magnetic toys were being / recalled after reported injuries and death of children / span classmate/Spanish had swallowed the magnets after they had become loose from the toy.Matter stated that the magnetic toy recall included 63 different varies of toys including such well known brand names as Pillory / Pocket, Batman, and Barbie. The lead paint recalled / toys included brand names such as the characters offer / Sesame Street, Dora the Explorer and Disingenuous Carobs / (Story and Barbara, 2007). The senior vice-president of worldwide quality assurance at Matter, Jim Walter, stated that Matter had ldquostrengthenedrdquo its / three-point check quality system to ensure that toy s / with lead would not enter the marketplace.Thebe / three point system includes verifying that only certified suppliers of paint will be used to manufacture the toys, a mandatory testing of every batch of toys / produced, the tightening of quality controls including random inspections during the manufacturing process and the testing of every production run offer / completed toys (Barbara and Story, 2007). As was / the case with the first recall, a subcontractor was / used to supply the paint to Amateurism's contractor inborn / China.Hong Lie Dad supplied the paint to Early / Light Industrial which was not aware that the painter / had been contaminated with lead. Early Light had / been a contractor for Matter for 20 years. Matter / had used between 30 and 50 contractors in China / and many subcontracted out part of the production / process to a subcontractor. Lee Deer, the contractor / of the original Matter recall lost its license to export and subsequently went out of business (S tory and Barbara, 2007). Lee Deer had been a Matter / contractor for 15 years. R / Matter executive vice-president for worldwide operations, Thomas Deflowers, stated that Matter realized that there were continuing rising costs offer / production in China which was squeezing the profit / margins of the Chinese manufacturers. He stated / that Solution the last three to five years, yourselves seen / labor prices more than double, raw materials prices / bubble or transplanted think that thereabouts a lot offer / pressure on guys that are working at the margin Toby / try and save moneywort.However, Deflowers stated / that Matter does not take the blame for putting / downward pressure on the pricing of the toys despite the rising manufacturing costs. Quoin, absolutely endothelial insist that they continue to use certified / paint from certified vendors, and we pay for that,BRB / and horsepower perfectly willing to pay for deathward (Story,BRB / 2007). It was during this time period that t he Consumer Product Safety Commission (COPS) excused Matter of not following the mandated requirement / to notify the COPS within 24 hours after the company has made a decision to recall any products.Amateurism's CEO, Robert Cocker, admitted that Matter / did not follow the COPS requirement because thebe / should have the right to discuss the problems on BRB / their timetable because the 24 hour time limit sibs / unreasonable. The COPS had already fined Matter / twice since 2001 for knowingly withholding information regarding products that could create loquaciousness risk of serious injury or deathtraps (Casey and Passport, 2007). . The third recall / span classmate/Spanish following day, September 4, 2007, Matter announced their third major recall.It was recalling approximately 775,000 toys with lead paint which included a number of Barbie accessories. Amateurism's CEO, Robert Cocker, stated that Sequoia apologize again Toby / BRB / everyone affected and promise that we will contin ue Toby / focus on ensuring the safety and quality of our distributors / (Casey, 2007). In a letter to The New York Times,BRB / Cocker commented that liquors a father of four, I amber / intimately aware of the expectations of parents. Thebe / ant safe toys, and they want assurances that those / toys have been tested to make sure that threescore safe. R / Currently lead paint is topmost on apparentness minds. Birr / want parents to be assured that we are taking action heliport toys are overwhelmingly safe. To date, our lead-related recalls of toys produced in the past BRB/ span classmate/ expansions represent less than half of 1 of our production. Iroquois rather the number was chroniclers was a young man growing up in suburban Chicago, my father encouraged me to earn his trust through my actions rather than just talk about what I was going to do.Today, tell my children locoweeds, not wordbooks. And it sibs / BRB / on this principle that Matter will move forward. Weber / will earn ba ck your trust with our deeds, entrust wither / our wordbooks (Cocker, 2007). BRB / On September 1 8, 2007 a subcommittee of thebe / United States Congress announced that some of thebe / toys Matter had recalled contained 180 times thebe / allowable levels of lead in the paint. Therefore, upper / to 1 1 percent Of the paint was lead or 110,000 parts / per million.The federal law in the United States / allows only 0. 06 lead or 600 parts per million inborn / paint (Resoundingly, 2007). R / span classmate/spoon September 21, 2007, Amateurism's executive vicissitude for worldwide operations, Thomas Deflowers, apologized to China for harming the reputation of the toy manufacturers in China for the 17 million toys Matter recalled in 2007 not because of lead paint but because of flaws in the design of some offer / BRB / their magnetic toys.Deflowers commented tabor / liquated does not hold Chinese manufacturers responsible for the design in relation to the recalled magnet destroyed (Story Bibb). By admitting to a design flaw,BRB / Matter could face numerous product liability lawsuits / y biblically announcing a product defect.Debonairness's apology included taking full responsibility for the problem with the magnetic toys liquated takes / span classmate/spoonful responsibility for these recalls and apologizes personally to you, the Chinese people, and all of our customers who received the dessertspoonful's important for everyone to understand that the vast majority of those products that we recalled Were the result of a designer / BRB / flaw in Amateurism's design, not through a manufacturing / flaw in Chinese infrastructure's (Casey, Zamias and / Passport, 2007).The Chinese product safety chief, Libra / Changing, reminded Matter that liquidation large part offer / your annual profitableness from your factories inborn / Chancellorship shows that our cooperation is in thebe / interests of Matter, and both parties should value orb / cooperation. I really hope that Matt er can learn lessons and gain experience from these incidents and that Matter should improve their control masqueraders / (Olsen, 2007). BRB / 5.The consequences of the recall / In October 2007, shareholders filed a lawsuit against / span classmate/supplemental for withholding timely announcements of recalled products. The lawsuit alleged that top management at Matter produced misleading financial statements since they were PRI; to potential recall notices and yet did not make them known biblically until / BRB / months later. The lawsuit claimed that this has been bar / general practice at Matter for years.In addition, thebe / lawsuit charged Matter with breaching its fiduciary / duties by not abiding by the consumer protection laws / including the 24 hour notice statue. In addition, thebe / lawsuit claimed that executives at Matter were involved in insider trading by selling 33 million of Matter stock before the announcement Of the recalls / came public (Tab, 2007). In October 2009 , Matter / settled a consumer class action lawsuit for over BRB / million to pay to consumers, who had purchased thebe / toys containing the lead paint.The settlement willow / resolve 22 lawsuits that were filed against Matter and / its subsidiary Fisher Price and major retailers on behalf / of the millions of families who had bought Matter / products that had been recalled (Anderson, 2009). BRB / Therefore, it appears that the quality issue was deliberately avoided by many employees within Matter. This 181 BRB / BRB / supports the view of Miller and Thomas (2005),BRB / ho state that peer pressure of colleagues would / support and reinforce unethical behavior even if Tiber / is in violation of the individualism own personal / code of ethics.The net result of a corporate culture / that support unethical actions was that the employees, which developed, maintained and supported this type of culture would not be penalized for their / actions. The top level executives at Matter were / on ly indirectly Goddaughter's for their actions since thebe / continued to assign blame to the suppliers. It was / only after extreme pressure from stakeholders suburb / s the United States government, the customers and / the media that Matter finally Idquoadmittedrdquo that thebe / would take some responsibility for the unsafe toys. R / Bass and Streamside (1999) propose that top leveler / executives can manipulate the beliefs of their subordinates into believing their own altered state of reality. This could explain, in part, why it took sobs / long for Matter to react to the claims made by its / stakeholders. BRB / Conclusions / This case highlights a number of important concepts / related to unethical behavior within corporations. BRB / The actions by the top executives at Matter supporter / span classmate/Spanish belief that unethical actions influence the corporate culture of the firm.Through, the use of group norms at Matter, unethical behavior was not discouraged by top level managers and was actually / BRB / supported by the actions of the managers and their / lack of action with their suppliers. As Terrine,BRB / span classmate/sportsman and Brown (2000) state, top level executives must be both a moral person and a moral manager in order to develop an ethical leadership role within the firm.